Pdf design of gravity dam by genetic algorithms researchgate. Previous ferc gravity dam guidance dealt with nappe forces by. This appendix presents design examples of the retrofitting techniques for elevation, dry floodproofing, wet. Tos how to find stresses at the base of trapezoidal dam solved example in hindi duration. The base and other dimensions should be such that the resultant falls within the middle onethird of the base. Design of earth dams starts with calculation of forces acting on the dam structure. No stress in the dam shall exceed safe limit of the construction materials. A curved gravity dam resists the external forces by its weight and not by arch action. Examples are given of large dams across the world, and of principles of safe and economical dam design. Bureau of reclamation 1976 design of gravity dams, design manual for concrete gravity dams, government printing office, washington, d. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Gravity dams are solid concrete structures that maintain their stability against design loads from the geometric shape, mass and strength of the concrete.
This presentation will guide you through basic steps to be followed for design of. That is, the dam has a center of gravity low enough that the dam will not topple if unsupported at the abutments. This manual presents instructions, examples, procedures, and standards for use in the design of concrete gravity dams. Undisclosed subsurface conditions way be encountered which may materially affect the design of the dam. The first version of a modern gravity dam was built between 1765 and 1800 in mexico. The dam s performance will largely be controlled by the care and thoroughness exercised during its construction. The purpose of this paper is to consider and discuss the merits of the methods employed in the consideration and design of a concrete diversion dam designed by. Design of gravity retaining walls in excel sloped and stepped.
The dam is composed of three blocks of equal heights. Detailed design 6 food and agriculture organization. In case studies cofferdam supplied by arcs and backfilling, differ between filling soil inside and outside the dam and, dam with layered filling soil there is. Pdf gravity dam design engineer manual ivan ramirez. Pdf design and analysis of concrete gravity dams researchgate. Manual on small earth dams a guide to siting, design and construction. Pdf the design of a gravity dam is performed through an interactive process. The purpose of this manual is to provide technical criteria and guidance for the planning and design of concrete gravity dams for civil works projects. Forces acting on a gravity dams with diagram geography. Failure of gravity dams causes and its failure modes. Among the conclusions obtained, the stability of dam increases with diameter base to height ratio of dam decrease. Example on design of gravity dam flood control infrastructure.
Dec 14, 2016 6 spillway location 7 safety considerations 8 earthquake zones 9 purpose of dam 10aesthetic considerations 11life of the dam selection of dam type the optimum type of dam for a specific site is determined by estimates of cost and construction programme for all design solutions which are technically valid. Stability analysis of gravity dam using staad pro youtube. In general, they are used to hold back or support soil banks and water or to maintain difference in the elevation of the ground surface on each of wall sides. Analysis and design of gravity dam in seismic zone v project by. Design of slopped gravity retaining wall in excel design of vertical gravity retaining wall sloped type. Gravity dam loads on concrete dams loads can be classified in terms of applicabilityrelative importance as primary loads, secondary loads, and exceptional loads. A design report, submitted with the application, should include an evaluation of the foundation conditions, the hydrologic and hydraulic design and a structural stability analysis of the dam. It has been written for engineers and owners engaged in the planning, design. Later gravity dams used a trapezoidal cross section.
An earth dam is made of earth or soil built up by compacting successive layers of earth, using the most impervious materials to form a core and placing more permeable substances on the upstream and. Guidelines for construction cost estimating for dam. Concrete and masonry dams the national academies press. Strength design for reinforced concrete hydraulic structures. Concrete gravity dams are typically used to block streams through narrow gorges. A simplified example of a depthcapacity curve is shown in figure 7.
Apr 07, 2019 design of gravity dam, calculation in reservoir full condition. Design of gravity dam, calculation in reservoir full. Pertinent equations are given below and an application is illustrated in example 1 on page 6. A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by using the weight of the material alone to resist the horizontal pressure of water pushing against it. Gravity dams are dams which resist the horizontal thrust of the water entirely by their own weight. Dams are classified on several aspects, some of the important aspects are as follow. Exercise problem 1 a concrete gravity dam 15 m height will be constructed with the dimensions shown in the figure below. A depthcapacity curve can then be drawn up to provide a quick and easy method for the dam designer to choose the optimum full supply level. The manual is derived from the authors many years of experience in dam design and construction in a number of countries in west, central and southern africa and. Examples c1 through c5 are a set of examples that illustrate the elevation of a singlestory home with a crawlspace. It is the type of dam built on solid rock foundation to withhold whatever external forces may be exerted on it. The purposes of dam construction may include navigation, flood damage reduction, hydroelectric power generation, fish and wildlife enhancement, water quality, water supply, and recreation. Gravity dams 30 contents title page 31 purpose and scope 31.
A typical gravity damreservoir system with an irregular near field is shown in fig. Hydrogeological data five investigation boreholes have been drilled along the proposed axis of the dam to a. General design and construction considerations for earth and rockfill dams. The loads acting on earth dams is same as loads acting on gravity dams. The wall stability, as defined in steps 2 through 4, must be checked at the base and at each course. Arch gravity dams are massive dams of concrete that resist the thrust of water by their weight using the force of gravity and the arch action an arch gravity dam incorporates the archs curved design that is so effective in supporting the water in narrow, rocky locations where the gorges sides are of hard rock and the water is forced into a narrow channel. Masonry dams are typically used to block streams running through relatively narrow gorges, as in mountainous terrain. A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by primarily using the weight of the material alone to resist the horizontal pressure of water pushing against it. Simple gravity dam design free download as pdf file. Bureau of reclamation 1977 design of arch dams, design manualfor. Learning outcome after this lecture, students should be able to 1. For example, in the case of morris shephard dam, 26 p1494, a. The dam body has a modulus of elasticity e 35 gpa, poissons ratio.
The most ancient gravity dam on record was built in egypt more than 400 years b. For example, in the case of morris shephard dam, 26 p1494, a horizontal seam underlaid the dam, provid ing a plane of weakness that was not. The white paper provides support for responsible cost estimating for new dams and dam rehabilitation projects. It is intended to implement an internal drainage facility, which would reduce uplift pressure by about 20%. Guidelines for design of dams table of contents section title page preface to the january 1 1989 edition 1 introduction 2 2 definitions 3. It is a dam that curves upstream in a narrowing curve that directs most of the water pressure against the canyon rock walls, providing the force to compress the dam. Army corps of engineers 19581960 gravity dam design, em 111022200, govern ment printing office, washington, d. The design of a gravity dam is performed through an interactive process involving a preliminary layout of the structure followed by a stability and stress analysis. For example, the selection and location of a concrete dam and its extent of the.
However, concrete gravity dams are preferred these days and mostly con. Example on design of gravity dam free download as pdf file. Specific areas covered include design considerations, load conditions, stability requirements, methods of stress analysis, seismic analysis guidance, and miscellaneous structural features. Earth dam structure the design principles of earth dams. Dam dam is a solid barrier constructed at a suitable location across a river valley to store flowing water. Many concrete gravity dams have been in service for over 50 years, and over this period important advances in the methodologies for evaluation of natural phenomena hazards have caused the design. Design of gravity dam, calculation in reservoir full condition. A gravity dam is mostly straight in plan and is known as straight gravity dam. Problem 911 a concrete dam has the profile shown in figure p911. An example of of a small design gravity dams consideration and design of a concrete diversion dam designed by the writer with the purpose of diverting a maximum flow of 1. Diagrams of base pressures acting on a gravity dam. It is also the most common type built due to its permanency of design and simplicity in construction. For example, the hills of the himalayan range of the mountains.
An archgravity dam or arched dam is a dam with the characteristics of both an arch dam and a gravity dam. Types of dams, advantages, disadvantages and classification. Design of gravity retaining walls in excel sloped and. Many of the forces which must be considered in the design of the gravity dam. The report should include calculations and be sufficiently detailed to accurately define the final design and proposed work as represented on the construction. Failure of gravity dam occurs due to overturning, sliding, tension and compression. To ensure a safe design, the designer must be able to confirm design assumptions and revise the dam design if unanticipated.
Design and analysis of retaining walls 3 f crib walls or coffer dams are cells or units to be filled with soil or builtup members of pieces of precast concrete or metal and are supported by anchor pieces embedded in the soil for. Comparison of design and analysis of concrete gravity dam 19. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Introduction design philosophy the bureau of reclamation s philosophy of con crete dam design is founded on rational and consist ent criteria which provide for safe, economical, functional, durable, and easily maintained struc tures. Mar 04, 2014 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. This cross section eventually evolved into the common triangular cross section design of todays gravity dams. As for example the gravity method is useful for most of the cases though other sophisticated methods can also be used to analyse more complex. It combines the strengths of two common dam forms and is considered a compromise between the two.
Grand coulee dam usa, nagarjuna sagar dam india and itaipu dam between brazil and paraguay. A gravity dam is designed in such a way that it resists all external forces acting on the dam like water pressure, wind pressure, wave pressure, ice pressure, uplift pressure by its own selfweight. This manual applies to all hqusace elements, major subordinate commands. Ppt gravity dam powerpoint presentation free to view. Gravity dam is constructed of concrete andor masonry andor laidup stone that relies upon its weight for stability. Guidelines for construction cost estimating for dam engineers and owners was prepared by the ussd committee on construction and rehabilitation. The procedure differs according to the choice of dam, such as gravity, fill, or other concrete or composite dam. Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable and independent of any other dam section. Gravity walls, generally, are trapezoidal in shape, but also may be built with broken backs. If the density of concrete is 2400 kgm 3 and that of water is kgm 3, determine the maximum compressive stress at section mn if the depth of the water behind the dam is h 15 m.
Gravity dams require maximum amounts of concrete for their construction as compared with other kinds of concrete dams, and resist dislocation by the hydrostatic pressure of. Concrete dam engineering 1 0401544 hydraulic structures university of sharjah dept. Gravity dams arch dams buttress dams 3 based on usage of dam. It is intended to implement an internal drainage facility, which would reduce uplift pressure by.
Gravity dams are constructed from masonry or concrete. The upstream face may be kept throughout vertical or partly slanting for some of its length. Guidelines for construction cost estimating for dam engineers. Comparison of design and analysis of concrete gravity dam. Often the depthsurface area curve usually with a reversed scale is added to these graphs. This presentation will guide you through basic steps to be followed for design of short height simple gravity dams. A drainage gallery is generally provided in order to relieve the uplift pressure exerted by the seeping water. This oversight was only discovered after the dam had experienced significant downstream movement. Hydrogeological data five investigation boreholes have been drilled along the proposed axis of the dam to a depth rang ing between 15 and 31.
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